Hundreds of flights have been cancelled, and hazardous roads and railways have disrupted traffic and caused countless accidents across Europe as heavy snow and freezing weather continue to grip the continent.
Frankfurt airport, Germany's main air hub, on Monday cancelled about 500 departing and arriving flights, representing 40% of its daily schedule.
The busiest airport in Europe, London Heathrow, scrapped more than 200 flights. It said a decision was taken 24 hours in advance to cancel 130 flights due to predicted poor visibility, but problems elsewhere in Europe were having an impact also, AFP reports.
Heathrow has spent £36 million on upgrading its snow-clearing equipment since 2010, when freezing temperatures and snow almost brought the airport to a halt in the approach to Christmas.
London's second airport, Gatwick, says it is operating normally, but delays and some flight cancellations are likely. British Airways says it has cancelled about 350 flights since last week.
Further snowfall was forecast for Frankfurt late on Monday, with a spokesperson or the city's airport telling AFP that it expected further disruption to flights on Tuesday.
Europe's third biggest airport, Paris's Charles de Gaulle, was also hit. France's civil aviation authority DGAC said it expected to scrap 40% of flights to and from Charles de Gaulle and Paris's other main airport, Orly, as a precautionary measure following heavy snowfall on Sunday.
Even Munich, a city usually accustomed to taking snow in its stride, cancelled 161 flights at its airport as it grappled with the exceptional conditions.
In Spain, flights bound for Paris, Munich and Frankfurt were affected, leading to the cancellation of 16 flights to and from Barcelona.
Smaller airports in Britain were virtually closed down after fresh snow fell in northern and central England overnight, with planes grounded at Manchester, East Midlands, Leeds Bradford and Doncaster Sheffield.
Under-sea train services between Britain and continental Europe were also hit, with Eurostar cancelling six trains linking London with Brussels and also Paris because of speed restrictions on the tracks in northern France.
In Moscow, unusually heavy snowfall of almost 50 centimetres caused traffic jams but did not affect flights at its airports, which are well-equipped for snowstorms.
The snowfall over the past four days in the Russian capital exceeded the average for the whole month of January, Moscow deputy mayor Pyotr Biryukov said.
Many accidents
Freezing rain and snow also led to treacherous conditions on railways and roads, triggering numerous accidents.
In south-western Germany, police recorded more than 1000 weather-related accidents and in the northeast, near Berlin, an entire section of motorway was shut to traffic.
In Belgium, three people died and two others were seriously injured when a minibus they were travelling in skidded off the road, overturned and caught fire at a motorway exit near Bruges, local authorities said.
One woman died in the southern English coastal town of Deal after collapsing in the snow.
