Some of Italy's leading intellectuals have held a rally in Milan to add their voices to calls for the resignation of prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
Mr Berlusconi is being investigated over a sex scandal but denies any wrongdoing.
Anti-mafia author Roberto Saviano and author Umberto Eco were among those there.
More than 10,000 people cheered as Mr Eco accused Mr Berlusconi of wrecking Italy's international reputation.
