There are claims the Indonesian military instigated a violent attack in the highlands of Papua province last Friday.
The attack took the life of a policemen and left two government officials seriously hurt.
It was the latest in a series of attacks in Puncak Jaya blamed on the Free Papua movement.
The attacks have claimed 8 lives, including a priest.
Sydney University's Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, along with the Uniting Church of Australia and the Papua human rights group Elsham, says a military operation in the Mulia area has left around five thousand homeless, while their homes, food gardens, and livestock have been destroyed.
The groups say Friday's attack now threatens an escalation of military repression across the Highlands.
John Rumbiak of Elsham says that it is likely that the Indonesian special forces have used Papuans to carry out the attacks.
Reverend John Barr of the Uniting Chuch says there is an urgent need for humanitarian assistance in Papua and he has called for an end to the military activity.
