Volunteers pass damaged homes in Derna. Rescuers have been sifting through mud and rubble searching for people missing after the flash flood. Photo: AFP/ Abdullah Doma
An official in eastern Libya has denied allegations that many of those killed in devastating floods last weekend were told to stay in their homes.
Othman Abdul Jalil, a spokesperson for the Benghazi-based government, told the BBC that soldiers warned people in the city of Derna to flee.
He denied that people were told not to evacuate, but conceded some may have felt the threat was exaggerated.
Meanwhile, BBC teams in Derna said aid agencies were yet to arrive at the city.
While reporters witnessed a hive of activity in the centre of Derna - with rescuers, ambulance crews and forensic teams working to identify the dead - there was little sign of major international aid agencies.
A spokesperson for one organisation said that trying to coordinate aid operations in the country was "a nightmare".
"Libya one week ago was already complicated," said Tomasso Della Longa from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).
Making the situation even more complicated was the fact that the floods had destroyed crucial infrastructure, like roads and telecommunications systems.
Death tolls vary from about 6000 up to 11,000. And with many more thousands still missing, Derna's mayor warned that the total could reach 20,000.
People bring donated supplies to a collection point in Libya's capital Tripoli on 15 September, before their transfer to areas affected by the floods. Photo: AFP/ Mahmud Turkia
The BBC was told that some victims' bodies had washed ashore more than 100km from Derna, after they were swept out to sea.
A spokesperson for the United Nations' humanitarian office, Jens Laerke, told the BBC there were still survivors and dead bodies under the rubble, and it would be some time before they knew the true number of casualties.
"We are trying ... not to have a second disaster there. It is critical to prevent a health crisis, to provide shelter, clean water and food," he said.
More than 1000 people had so far been buried in mass graves, according to a UN report.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) asked disaster workers to stop doing this, because a hasty burial in mass graves could lead to long-lasting mental distress for grieving family members.
Thousands of people were killed when two dams burst in the wake of Storm Daniel on Sunday, washing whole neighbourhoods into the Mediterranean Sea.
Survivors described terrifying escapes and people being swept away in front of their eyes.
Aerial footage of Derna taken on 14 September shows the inundation from flash flooding when two dams burst, washing through entire neighbourhoods. Photo: AFP/ AFPTV footage
The country's fragmented political situation was said to be complicating the recovery. Libya is split between two rival governments - with the UN-backed administration based in the capital Tripoli and the rival Egyptian-supported one based in Benghazi.
Questions raised over evacuation orders
There have been widespread allegations that the two dams that collapsed were not well-maintained, and growing calls for an urgent inquiry into how the flooding became so catastrophic.
There were also conflicting reports as to whether - and when - people were told to flee their homes. Residents told the BBC they had received mixed messages from the two rival governments on whether they should stay or leave.
Guma El-Gamaty, a Libyan academic and head of the Taghyeer Party, said on Thursday that people in the flood zone should have been evacuated, but "on the contrary they were told to stay put and stay inside their houses and not go out".
But Derna's mayor told Arab news channel Al-Hadath that he "personally ordered evacuating the city three or four days before the disaster." The BBC was not able to verify Abdulmenam al-Ghaithi's claims.
As the weather got worse, police and military were telling people to leave their homes for higher ground, survivors told the BBC.
But it seemed many people did not take the threat seriously.
"A lot of them did but unfortunately, people sometimes, they said, 'well you know, this is exaggerating, this might not be the case'," an official from Libya's unofficial, eastern administration told the BBC's Newshour programme.
There are also allegations that officials took to Libyan television on Sunday night, and ordered people to stay in their homes because of the bad weather. But the same official, Othman Abdul Jalil, denied this.
It was too early to attribute with certainty the severity of the storm to rising global temperatures. However, climate change was thought to be increasing the frequency of the world's strongest storms.
Prof Liz Stephens, an expert in climate risks and resilience at the UK's University of Reading, said scientists were confident that climate change was super-charging the rainfall associated with such storms.
On Friday, a top UN official, Martin Griffiths, said the disaster was "a massive reminder" of climate change and the challenge it posed.
- This story was first published by BBC
